Amsterdam

Amsterdam (/ˈæmstərdæm/ AM-stər-dam, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}UK also /ˌæmstərˈdæm/ AM-stər-DAM,[10][11] Dutch: [ˌɑmstərˈdɑm] ⓘ; literally, "The Dam on the River Amstel") is the capital[a] and most populated city of the Netherlands. It has a population of 921,402[12] within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the urban area[7] and 2,480,394 in the metropolitan area.[13] Located in the Dutch province of North Holland,[14][15] Amsterdam is colloquially referred to as the "Venice of the North", for its large number of canals, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[16] Amsterdam was founded at the mouth of the Amstel River, which was dammed to control flooding.[17] Originally a small fishing village in the 12th century, Amsterdam became a major world port during the Dutch Golden Age of the 17th century, when the Netherlands was an economic powerhouse. Amsterdam was the leading centre for finance and trade, as well as a hub of secular art production.[18] In the 19th and 20th centuries, the city expanded and new neighborhoods and suburbs were built. The city has a long tradition of openness, liberalism, and tolerance.[19] Cycling is key to the city's modern character, and there are numerous biking paths and lanes spread throughout.[20][21]